BPC-157
Animal / in-vitro onlyBody Protection Compound 157 · PL 14736
Proposed to promote angiogenesis and modulate nitric oxide and VEGF signalling, accelerating healing of tendon, ligament, muscle and gut tissue in animal injury models. No validated human receptor or pharmacokinetic profile has been published, and nearly all supportive data come from a small cluster of laboratories using rodent models.
GEPPPGKPADDAGLV
Not approved by FDA or EMA. Investigated as PL 14736 for inflammatory bowel disease but never marketed. Prohibited in sport (WADA).
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Thymosin β4
Animal / in-vitro onlyTβ4 · TB-500 (synthetic analogue)
Reported to promote cell migration, angiogenesis and reduced inflammation in wound repair through actin sequestration, supported by rodent and in-vitro wound-healing studies. Independent pharmacology for the commercially sold TB-500 analogue is limited.
SDKPDMAEIEKFDKSKLKKTETQEKNPLPSKETIEQEKQAGES
Not approved by FDA or EMA; an ophthalmic Tβ4 formulation reached late-stage trials without approval. Prohibited in sport (WADA); TB-500 is sold as an unapproved research chemical.
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IGF-1 LR3
Animal / in-vitro onlyLong R3 IGF-1
An engineered IGF-1 variant that escapes binding-protein sequestration and therefore stays active longer. Evidence is preclinical and analytical; no completed human therapeutic trials have been published.
83-residue IGF-1 analogue (Arg3 substitution + 13-residue N-terminal extension)
Never approved for human use in any jurisdiction. Sold only as a research chemical. Prohibited in sport (WADA S2).
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Follistatin-344
Human trials (limited)FST-344 · FS-344
Neutralises myostatin and activin, removing a brake on skeletal muscle growth. Primate and dystrophy-model work is substantial; the only human data come from small gene-therapy trials, not from peptide injection.
344-residue secreted glycoprotein (three follistatin domains)
Not approved as a drug. Studied in humans only as an AAV gene-therapy construct, not as an injected peptide. Relevant to WADA gene-doping and growth-factor prohibitions.
Primary sources
Ac-SDKP
Animal / in-vitro onlyGoralatide · seraspenide · thymosin beta-4 fragment
An endogenous fragment of thymosin beta-4 that suppresses collagen deposition and TGF-beta/Smad signalling. Antifibrotic effects are documented in lung, heart and kidney animal models.
Ac-SDKP
Not approved by FDA or EMA. Investigational antifibrotic research compound.
Primary sources
TB-500
Animal / in-vitro onlyAc-LKKTETQ · thymosin β4 actin-binding fragment
Most rigorous evidence attributed to TB-500 actually comes from studies of full-length thymosin β4, a 43-residue protein, not this seven-residue fragment. Rat tendon-healing comparisons involving the fragment exist but are recent, small and unreplicated, so treat the naming conflation as the headline caveat.
LKKTETQ
Not approved anywhere for human use. Prohibited in sport by WADA. Frequently confused with full-length thymosin β4, which is a different molecule.
Primary sources
Substance P
Animal / in-vitro onlySP · NK1 receptor ligand
Substance P has decades of basic-science literature on both pain signalling and pro-regenerative wound effects. The wound-healing application is largely preclinical, using rodent diabetic wound models and keratinocyte assays, with no approved substance P product.
RPKPQQFFGLM-NH2
Not approved as a therapeutic peptide. NK1-receptor antagonists such as aprepitant are approved drugs but block this peptide's receptor rather than supply the peptide.
Primary sources